The Idoma people are the second-largest ethnic group in Benue State, Nigeria, predominantly inhabiting the lower western region, with populations also in Nasarawa, Cross River, Enugu, and Kogi states. Known as farmers, warriors, and hunters with a population of approximately 2 million, they trace their roots to the Kwararafa migration. Their culture is characterized by a strong belief in ancestral spirits (Alekwu), the vibrant “red and black” traditional attire, and the unique Okoho soup. I am Benue +5
History and Origin
- Ancestry: The Idoma trace their ancestry to a legendary figure named Iduh, whose children are believed to have established various districts.
- Migration: Linguistic and historical evidence suggests they moved from the north (possibly the Kwararafa empire) into their present-day region, with some accounts suggesting they were among the last to arrive in the area.
- Social Structure: Historically, they operated a decentralized system, which transitioned to a more structured chieftaincy system during British colonization in the 1920s.
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Culture and Traditions
- Alekwu Ancestors: The, Alekwu spirit is central to Idoma traditional religion, acting as a guardian of morality and a link between the living and the dead.
- Traditional Attire: The iconic “Apa” attire consists of red and black stripes. Red symbolises royal blood, while black represents unity and the black earth.
- Festivals: They celebrate the New Yam Festival to mark the harvest season, among other cultural events.
- Dance and Art: Known for the Ogirinya dance (energetic, high-jump dancing) and wood carving/mask-making, which are used in rituals. I am Benue +4
Geography and Economy
- Location: Primarily in the Benue valley, in areas such as Otukpo, Agatu, Apa, and Okpokwu.
- Occupation: The economy is based on agriculture, with major crops including yams, cassava, maize, and rice. They are also known for fishing, hunting, and local trading.
Language
- The Idoma language belongs to the Volta–Niger family, specifically the Akweya subgroup.
- Key dialects include Agatu, Alago, Edumoga, Otukpo, Otukpa, Orokam, Akpa Agila, Utonkon, Igede, Etilo, and Iyala. Facebook
Culinary Tradition
- Okoho Soup: A staple, slimy soup made from the Cissus populnea plant, commonly served with pounded yam